Scripture Twisting
Methods Of The Cults
In debating and discussions with non-Christians such as Mormons or atheist, I
have found many areas of twisting of the Scriptures. In the book “Scripture
Twisting,” James Sire has a chapter devoted to each of the methods, and I have
seen them ALL used from time to time.
1. INACCURATE QUOTATION: A biblical text is referred to but is either not
quoted in the way the text appears in any standard translation or is wrongly
attributed. Example: The Maharishi Mahesh Yogi says, “Christ said, ‘Be still
and know that I am God.'” Whereas this text is found ONLY in Psalms.
2. TWISTED TRANSLATION: The biblical text is retranslated, not in accordance
with sound Greek scholarship, to fit a preconceived teaching of a cult.
Example: the Jehovah’s Witnesses translate John 1:1 as “In [the] beginning
the Word was, and the Word was with God, and the word was a god.”
3. BIBLICAL HOOK: A text of Scripture is quoted primarily as a device to grasp
the attention of readers or listeners and then followed by a teaching which is
so nonbiblical that it would appear far more dubious to most people had it not
been preceded by a reference to Scripture. Example: Mormon missionaries quote
James 1:5 which promises God’s wisdom to those who ask him and, then, follow
this by explaining that when Joseph Smith did this he was given a revelation
from which he concluded that God the Father has a body.
4. IGNORING THE IMMEDIATE CONTEXT: A text of Scripture is quoted but removed
from the surrounding verses which form the immediate framework for its
meaning. Example: Alan Watts quotes the first half of John 5:39 (“You search
the Scriptures, because you think that in them you have eternal life”),
claiming that Jesus was challenging His listeners’ over emphasis of the Old
Testament, but the remainder of the immediate context reads, “and it is they
that bear witness to me; yet you refuse to come to me that you may have life”
(verses 39-40), which shows that Jesus was upholding the value of the Old
Testament as a testimony to Himself.
5. COLLAPSING CONTEXTS: Two or more verses which have little or nothing to do
with each other are put together as if one were a commentary of the other(s).
Example: The Mormons associate Jeremiah 1:5 with John 1:2,14 and thus imply
that both verses talk about the premortal existence of all human beings;
Jeremiah 1:5, however, speaks of God’s foreknowledge of Jeremiah (Not his
premortal existence) and JOhn 1:2 refers to the pre-existence of God the Son
and not to human beings in general.
6. OVERSPECIFICATION: A more detailed or specific conclusion than is
legitimate is drawn from a biblical text. Example: The Mormon missionary
manual quotes the parable of the virgins from Matthew 25:1-13 to document the
concept that “mortality is a probationary period during which we prepare to
meet God.” But the parable of the virgins could, and most probably does, mean
something far less specific, for example, that human beings should be prepared
at any time to meet God or to witness the Second Coming of Jesus Christ.
7. WORD PLAY: A word or phrase from a biblical translation is examined and
interpreted as if the revelation had been given in that language. Example:
mary Bake Eddy says the name Adam consist of two syllables, A DAM, which means
an obstruction, in which case, Adam signifies “the obstacle which the serpent,
sin, would impose between man and his Creator.”
8. THE FIGURATIVE FALLACY: Either (1) mistaking literal language for
figurative language or (2)mistaking figurative language for literal language.
Example of (1): Mary Baker Eddy interprets EVENING as “mistiness of mortal
thought; weariness of mortal mind; obscured views; peace and rest.” Example of
(2): The Mormon theologian james Talmage interprets the prophesy that “thou
shalt be brought down and speak out of the ground” to mean that God’s Word
would come to people from the Book of Mormon which was taken out of the ground
at the hill of Cumorah.
9. SPECULATIVE READINGS OF PREDICTIVE PROPHESY: A predictive prophesy is too
readily explained by the occurance of specific events, despite the fact that
equally committed biblical scholars consider the interpretation highly
dubious. Example: The stick of Judah and the Stick of Joseph in Ezekiel 37:15-
23 are interpreted by the Mormons to mean the Bible and the Book of Mormon.
10. SAYING BUT NOT CITING: A writer says that the Bible says such and such but
does not cite the specific text (which often indicates that there may be no
such text at all). Example: A common phrase “God helps those who help
themselves” is not found in the Bible.
11. SELECTIVE CITING: To substantiate a given argument, only a limited number
of text is quoted: the total teaching of Scripture on that subject would lead
to a conclusion different from that of the writer. Example: The Jehovah’s
Witnesses critique the traditional Christian notion of the Trinity without
considering the full text which scholars use to substantiate the concept.
12. INADEQUATE EVIDENCE: A hasty generalization is drawn from too little
evidence. Example: The Jehovah’s Witnesses teach that blood transfusion is
nonbiblical, but the biblical data that they cite fails either to speak
directly to the issue or to adequately substantiate their teaching.
13. CONFUSED DEFINITION: A biblical term is misunderstood in such a way that
an essential biblical doctrine is distorted or rejected. Example: one of Edgar
Cayce’s followers confuses the eastern doctrine of reincarnation with the
biblical doctrine of being born again.
14. IGNORING ALTERNATIVE EXPLANATIONS: A specific interpretation given to a
biblical text or set of text which could well be, and often have been,
interpreted in quite a different fashion, but these alternatives are not
considered. Example: Erich von Daniken asks why in Genesis 1:26 God speaks in
the plural (“us”), suggesting that this is an oblique reference to God’s being
one of many astronauts and failing to consider alternative explanations that
either God was speaking as “Heaven’s king accompanied by His heavenly host” or
that the plural prefigures the doctrine of the Trinity expressed more
explicitly in the New Testament.
15. THE OBVIOUS FALLACY: Words like OBVIOUSLY, UNDOUBTEDLY, CERTAINLY, ALL
REASONABLE PEOPLE HOLD THAT and so forth are substituted for logical reasons.
Example: Erich von daniken says, “Undoubtedly the Ark [of the Covenent] was
electrically charged!”
16. VIRTUE BY ASSOCIATION: Either (1) a cult writer a ssociates his or her
teaching with those of figures accepted as authoritative by traditional
Christians; (2) cult writings are likened to the Bible; or (3) cult literature
imitates the form of the Bible writing such that it sounds like the Bible.
Example of (1): Rick Chapman list 21 gurus, including Jesus Christ, St.
Francis and St. Theresa, that “you can’t go wrong with.” Example of (2): Juan
Mascaro in his introduction to the Upanishads cites the New Testament, the
Gospels, Ecclesiastes and the Psalms, from which he quotes passages supposedly
paralleling the Upanishads. Example of (3): The Mormon DOCTRINE AND COVENANTS
93 interweave phrases from the Gospel of John and maintains a superficial
similarity to the Gospel such that it seems to be like the Bible.
17. ESOTERIC INTERPRETATION: Under the assumption that the Bible contains
hidden, esoteric, meaning which is open only to those who are initiated into
its secrets, the interpreter declares the significance of biblical passages
without giving much, if any, explanation for his or her interpretation.
Example: Mary Baker Eddy gives the meaning of the first phrase in the Lord’s
Prayer, “Our Father which art in heaven,” as “Our Father-Mother God, all
harmonious.”
18. SUPPLEMENTING BIBLICAL AUTHORITY: New revelation from post biblical
prophets either replaces or is added to the Bible as authority. Example: The
Mormons supplement the Bible with the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and
Covenants and the Pearl of Great Price.
19. REJECTING BIBLICAL AUTHORITY: Either the Bible as a whole or texts from
the Bible are examined and rejected because they do not square with other
authorities – such as reason or revelation = do not appear to agree with them.
Example:Archie Matson holds that the Bible contains contradictions and that
Jesus himself rejected the authority of the Old Testament when he contrasted
His own views with it on the Sermon on the Mount.
20. WORLD-VIEW CONFUSION: Scriptural statements, stories, commands or symbols
which have a particular meaning or set of meanings when taken within the
intellectual and broadly cultural framework of the Bible itself are lifted out
of that context, placed within the frame of reference of another system and
thus given a meaning that markedly differs from their intended meaning.
Example: The Maharishi Mahesh Yogi interprets “Be still, and know that I am
God” as meaning that each person should meditate and come to the realization
that he is essentially Godhood itself.
Computers For Christ